2015-10-30

Summarized Comments + Final Reflection

Final Reflection:

The course “Theory and Method for Media Technology” consisted of six different themes in a time span of six weeks. As every course participant was supposed to publish blog posts prior and after each theme, discussing in smaller seminar groups and commenting on the blog posts of the other course participants, the course took a considerable amount of study time within these six weeks. However, the spent time was in my opinion well invested as the structure of the course and the constant need to feed one’s individual learning journal was accountable to comprehend an in-depth knowledge of the different themes.

The first two themes “Theory of knowledge and theory of science” and “Critical media studies” had a quite philosophical and historical approach. The literature list, for example, included Plato, Kant, Benjamin, Horkheimer and Adorno. In detail, we investigated during the first two weeks the theory of knowledge (epistemology), the dialectic of enlightenment and how the technical productivity changed the work of art. As a third of my bachelor studies were dedicated to Culture Management and Cultural Studies these themes were of special interest to me and I really liked to find out more about how and why the field of media technology research has developed over time.

The further themes “Research and theory”, “Quantitative research”, “Design research” and “Qualitative and case study research” provided us with a deeper understanding of scientific theories and methods. In these themes we learned how to identify and critically examine research methods, which are relevant for media technology research. Furthermore, we focused on identifying methodological problems in research papers, which we selected by our own in order to be able to answer complex research questions. During the weeks we found out that there is no such thing as the one and only research method. As all research methods have their benefit and limitations problems even more often occur when a research is relying on only one method. Needless to say that this is of course always subject to the researched topic and therefore one research method can be still sufficient to a certain research question. However, the more complex the research question(s), the more likely it is that a combination of different research questions makes sense to answer the research question in an adequate way. Thus, one does not need think of an either-or situation, when searching for an appropriate research question.

For example, when mixing qualitative and quantitative methods, certain areas can be identified at first with a quantitative method as such a method depends on numerical measurements, in order to subsequently increase the usefulness and validity of the findings via a qualitative research method in these certain areas. In contrast to quantitative methods, qualitative methods help us then to explore a topic with more details and gain an in depth understanding.

Another possibility would be to start with the qualitative research and then uses the gathered insights to frame the design and analysis of the subsequent quantitative method. This approach exposes problem areas at first in order to create suitable, for example, survey questions as a consequence. With the launch of a larger-scale, unmoderated survey one get a better idea of the extent of the problems in the larger sample.
Furthermore, one can collect qualitative data and quantitative data at the same time and independent of the respective other research method. In the analysis stadium the results are compared and contrasted with the goal to find patterns or contradictions. As the simultaneous use of qualitative and quantitative methods provide perspectives and insights from a different approach it can be considered as a validation of the research question since the best case shows correlating results.

The opportunities which arise when combining different methods with each other clearly demonstrate clearly how important it is to spend a considerable amount of time to deeply think about the particularly suitable methodology before start solving the problem without a detailed action plan. According to Haibo Li’s words his lecture about “Design Research” the chances of waste resources is very high, if one is not following this principle rule.

Taken as a whole, I must say that I learned lot during the six weeks of the course and this even in areas where I was not interested in, when reading the course guide. As the first two themes were kind of my home turf I enjoyed especially the lectures of Johan Eriksson and Henrik Åhman. Nevertheless, and in my opinion even more valuable is that I gathered of knowledge of scientific theories and methods relevant far away from what I thought is of interest to me. Due to the structure of the course with its preparation, lecture, seminar and reflection parts and the need to create your own individual learning journal I realised during fourth theme that I got actually a bit excited about identifying methods and trying to figure out what methodology is best for a certain research question. As I am only at the beginning of my master programme here at KTH I believe that the acquired understanding will be relevant for my further academic career and that is why I also hope to remember a big share of this when I actually will work on my master thesis in 1,5 years. One thing that can be said with certainty is that I will take Haibo Li’s advice to spend the biggest share of your time for defining the problem before starting to solve it, for my future academic and professional life. In a nutshell, I think that this course have made me realize that sometimes you need to the basic work to actually get interested in a certain topic, of which you might have thought that they will be never of interest for you. Furthermore I must say that the constant feedback during the smaller seminar groups and in form of the comments by the other course participants helped a lot to always find the right way to knowledge, even if there were some wrong ways in the thinking after the readings or after the lecture.

Summarized Comments:

1)  http://paullinderoth.blogspot.se/2015/09/theme-1-theory-of-knowledge-and-theory_14.html?showComment=1442396476713
Hi Paul,
Thanks for the blog post. As I had the same situation I totally can understand that you had many open questions after the two readings and the lecture of Johan. Furthermore, your question in regards to a priori knowledge was a really good one during the seminar group and the answer that the world is structured by the table of judgements and forms of intuition helped a lot to understand the close the gaps of understanding. Nevertheless and even if I got the main idea, the ideal of objectivity is somehow still odd to me as we can eliminate human subjectivity by examining the world as an human being. Isn't it?
2) http://oscarlimback.blogspot.se/2015/09/after-thelecture-and-seminary-last-week.html?showComment=1442397707212
Hej Oscar,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts! Through the reading of your blog posts I have the feeling that the last remaining obscurities were disappearing in my mind. Really liked the explanation that an ultimate objectivity is neither possible to gain by examining the world as a human being nor it is possible for a human being to see things from god's perspective. All in all an informative summary about the first theme.
3) http://reb2572.blogspot.se/2015/09/post-theme-1.html?showComment=1442398360245#c1223964790239877207
Hej Rebecka,
Thanks a lot for sharing your thoughts. Really enjoyed reading your summary as you reproduced the first theme one in a very structured way. However, I think it is better to say that we can "gain" a posteriori knowledge through Kant's categories and forms of intuition, but this is only one small remark. Furthermore, I totally agree to your opinion how this week brought us step by step closer to understanding the theory of knowledge.
4) http://denise-theoryandmethod.blogspot.se/2015/09/theme-1-theory-of-knowledge-and-theory_12.html?showComment=1442404586456#c208108878287742624
Hi Denise,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts with us. I agree that reading the two texts the were not enough to fully comprehend them and that debating with classmates helped to get the quintessence of Kant's and Plato's texts as this was also quite unclear to me prior to the lecture. I also liked how you summarized that human beings can't project God's view as we have an organized character that automatically determines the world.
5) http://meglia.blogspot.se/2015/09/post-theme-1.html?showComment=1442405749218#c7330720937867232020
Hi,
I especially like your approach that you tried to find out more about Kant and Plato and their role in history. Also liked the explanation why Kant is calling his theory Copernican revolution, as I've missed some parts of this explanation in the lecture by Johan. As I was in seminar group 4 we didn't talk about the playground metaphor, however I find it a perfect example to explain why we have to examine the world as human beings.

6) http://amlinden.blogspot.se/2015/09/0-0-1-266-1411-kth-11-3-1674-14.html?showComment=1442406533381
Hi Amanda,
Thanks for your blog post about the first theme. I like the idea of the podcast in order to prepare yourself, this is definitely something I will try out the next time. At least to my understanding your posts showing that you really understood the first theme. Especially your train of thought in the passage about a priori knowledge is very comprehensible to me.
7) http://theorymethodmediatech.blogspot.se/2015/09/theme1theory-of-knowledge-and-theory-of.html?showComment=1442408672079#c4103415790781736001
Hi,
First of all I think it is a good idea to first inform yourself with essays about Kant's and Plato's method, something I will definitely consider for the next theme. Furthermore, I have to admit that I also had difficulties to understand the key concepts after the lecture and that the seminar group helped a lot to comprehend the key concepts of the first theme. After reading your pre- and post-blog I miss a bit the relation of a priori knowledge and the ideal of objectivity.
8) http://securepathofscience.blogspot.se/2015/09/theme-1-theory-of-knowledge-and-theory_14.html?showComment=1442409669550#c217853664717212011
Hi,
I particularly liked that you pointed out the context in the pre-blog which makes your answers very structured and easy to follow. As I am of German nationality I tried as well to read Kant's Critique of Pure Reason first in German. However, I have to say that this was more confusing to me than helpful and didn't help at all. In the post-blog I especially like the explanation of yours, if a priori knowledge can exist without a posteriori knowledge beforehand, as this was my favourite discussion within our seminar group.
9) http://mashasthoughts123.blogspot.se/2015/09/seminar-1.html?showComment=1442416835908#c5313230630340628924
Hi Masha,
After reading your pre- and seminar-blog first of all thanks for the Coca-Cola example, next to the playground by far the best example to explain the quintessence of the texts' major topics. As I was in the same seminar group with you I must say you summarized the outcomes of our discussions very well.
10) http://thetheoryabouteverything.blogspot.se/2015/09/post-theme-1-reflection.html?showComment=1442419589558
Hi Emil,
Really liked your posts. Both of them are well structured and you accomplished to draw out the essential points of the complex texts in an exceptional way. This makes your blog posts easy to read and to understand. Furthermore, the reader of your posts can see that you put a lot of work into them. As I read and commented already nine students’ blogs prior to yours I must say that your posts are leading my personal ranking! Well done.
11) http://remarkableathenianyouth.blogspot.com/2015/09/post-critical-media-studies-or-how-to.html?showComment=1443022878239#c5959372804579064659
Hi,
Really liked your posts and must say that the paragraph about "what can happen if you take a philosophy to the most extreme line" really helped to understand even more how nominalism and realism are linked, for example, to the national socialism and that there isn't not only danger, as almost always. Regarding the destruction, I think that through this destruction of aura it was possible to give the people culture. In our seminar group we had the example with Andy Warhol, whose art was characterised by taking the aura away through mass production. However, and despite the mass production of its art it was still art, not that exclusive any longer, not with the same ritual value but perhaps the loss of an aura actually calls up some other social meaning, like beeing "standard evidence for historical occurrences". What do you think about this?
12) http://meglia.blogspot.com/2015/09/post-theme-2.html?showComment=1443012818826#c307363570351720871
Hi,
Thanks for sharing your blogposts with us. Really appreciated that you highlighted the fact that the freedom of media neither gave people truth nor did it result in ideas put into action, as the importance of this conclusion came only into my mind again after reading your reflection.
In general, you included in your blog posts very interesting examples which makes it easy to understand the various concepts. Well done.
13) http://platotheplatypus.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-2-post-reflection.html?showComment=1443014225791#c373305562660580476
Hi Josefine,
I have to admit that it also had some kind of aha experience during the lecture when the two readings were put into historical context. Furthermore, the insights into their personal lives captivated me. As I was not in your seminar group it’s interesting that you also used the terms of universals and particulars. I can totally agree with you that it was a very interesting theme with introduced concepts I didn’t know about prior to this theme
14) http://oscarlimback.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-2-critical-media-studies-after.html?showComment=1443009932176
Hi Oscar,
Thanks for publishing the pre and post blogpost with us. As we were in the same seminar I have to say that you summarised the meaning of nominalism and realism very well. Especially liked that you brought up Plato’s metaphor of the cave, which I think is a very good to make the two meanings understandable. In addition and as discussed with you today I think it is furthermore important that due to nominalism we can things break down to their basics and hence are able to critically examine for example hierarchical structures.
15) http://thetheoryandmethodofeverything.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-2-reflections.html?showComment=1443372194526
It's interesting to read that your perspective changed on Benjamins' belief in revolutionary potentials within the week as I had the same revelation. Besides the three mentioned topics “realism/nominalism, revolutionary potentials and natural/historical perception” I would have loved to read even more about your thoughts, but as I was not in your seminar group maybe you didn’t found the time to discuss the other questions as well.
16) http://alexisdm2572.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-2-post-seminar_21.html?showComment=1443375610584#c6809559100166882545
Hi Alexis,
I think you covered almost all the main discussions which we also had in our seminar group. I especially liked your explanation, how nominalism relates to enlightenment as this was quite unclear to me prior to the seminar. Furthermore, I liked your example “working class” when it comes to the revolutionary potential of mass media, as this clearly showed that mass media can create a different perception in the society. All in all, a very structured and well written reflection of the second theme.
17) http://duckyduckyducky.blogspot.com/2015/09/post-seminar-3.html?showComment=1443377121496#c6021168097032638866
Hi Anton,
I agree that the lecture really helped to get the two readings into context as this was very important to understand the deeper meaning of Benjamin and Adorno/Horkheimer. Furthermore I liked that you used the working class as example for the revolutionary potential of mass media according to Benjamin. I wouldn’t have thought prior to this week’s topic that displaying in mass media can create a different perception of the society. In addition, I would say that Adorno/Horkheimer see the revolutionary potential not in the mass media, but in the technology itself which is subsequently influencing sub- and superstructure.
18) http://butlikewhyisit.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-2-reflection.html?showComment=1443378352392#c8220321523632165403
Hi Ellinor,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts. I must say it is a nice reflection which I enjoyed reading. Especially liked the point that a lack of imagination caused by enlightenment would exclude room for new discoveries. In addition to your critical thoughts about media in times of fascism I found a very interesting point during the lecture that fascism spoke to the heart of the people and were hence able to motivate them in the long run in contrast to communism, which spoke to the brain.
19) http://reb2572.blogspot.com/2015/09/post-theme-2-critical-media-studies.html?showComment=1443424681225#c3497978014350127117
Hi Rebecka,
Thanks for sharing our thoughts with us!
I have to agree that the philosophical approach of the lecture was very interesting. You explained the concepts of nominalism and realism very well, which makes them easy to understand for the reader. As we weren’t in the same seminar group I have to say that I like the example of homosexuality in regards to the revolutionary potential of mass media since it is more up to date than the working class example.
20) http://aris-totall-loss.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-2-in-retrospect.html?showComment=1443425527450#c1613029957641704753
Hi,
I have to say that I found this week's theme easier to follow compared to the first theme. In your reflection you summed up the concept of nominalism and realism very well. However, I would have loved to read more about your thoughts also on the other topics as I assume that the concept of nominalism was the one, which every seminar group discussed in-depth.
21) http://mediatechnologyatkth.blogspot.com/2015/09/reflection-what-ilearnt-during-week-39.html?showComment=1443551421081#c4398352925304483846
Hi Dovilé,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts and the paper “The Network Structure of Unrestricted Discussion” with us. Especially in today’s time this research paper sounds like to have its finger on the pulse of the time. In your reflection I really liked the structure of your blog post in bullet points as such a text is much easier to read than a continuous text. In addition to your point that there is no consensus what theory is, I think that it is possible to say that the definition of a theory depends on the respective subject and hence, for example, Shirley Gregor made it clear that the included definition of theory is only valid in the field of information systems. Do you agree on this?
22) http://oscarlimback.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-3-research-and-theory-after.html?showComment=1443526591932
Hi Oscar,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts and for your well written reflection. That theory is just taking a step back from “practice” is a good and brief definition to remember what theory actually is, even if we have to consider that theory is on the other hand a way of practice. I also liked your explanation that development of theories depending on the subject and hence a theory in one subject can be valid, but invalid in another subject. The paradigm shift is another very good example, which also shows that a valid theory can be proven invalid in the process of time.
23) http://theoandmeth.blogspot.com/2015/09/reflectioin-theme-3.html?showComment=1443528254162#c5513844535672386960
Hi Calle,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts with us. I think your reflection covers many points of this far reaching field. I especially liked the passage about the link between knowledge and theories as this was also quite interesting to me. Once a theory proved to be wrong and hence a new theory is to become effective we can call such a fundamental change “paradigm shift” according to Thomas Kuhn. Also because of your intense thoughts about the article you have read I think you did a great job on this.
24) http://lard-have-mercy.blogspot.com/2015/09/post-theme-3-research-and-theory.html?showComment=1443532402683#c2410198520060812899
Hi Isabella,
You reflected theme 3 in a really structured way, which makes your post blog easy to read. I think your assumption is correct that the teacher wanted to provide us with a feeling, what a set of propositions actually is. In my opinion the authors contradict in one statement as a theory and the definition of theory can be valid for one subject, but is far away from being universally valid.
25) http://dm2572lisa.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-3-refection-post.html?showComment=1443533172430#c3485977333419482539
Hi Lisa,
I think you did a really great job when writing your reflection of theme 3. I especially liked your comprehensive approach that you also tried to cover the “research” part, even if this was way shorter in the focus of the lecture than the “theory” part. Your way of explaining the field of theory is very well structured and pleasant to read. Good job.
26) http://elindm2572.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-3-reflection.html?showComment=1443534361592
Hi Elvin,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts. In general, you summed up the theme 3 in a good way. As we were in the same seminar group I agree to your opinion that the seminar provided us with a better understanding what theory actually is, especially the difference between hypothesis and theory was then clear to me. In my opinion the connection between the weeks theme and the question “What is man?” was that the teacher wanted to provide us with a feeling, what a set of propositions actually is.
27) http://gamlagreker.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-3-reflection.html?showComment=1443537423184#c7711304586096144201
Hi Maria,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts. The reasoning of yours I liked pretty much as I had also in my mind that a theory is kind of uncertain. Nevertheless, I would have loved to read more about the lecture and what you took out from it. Besides that I hope that you have a clearer view on the topic after the confusion of the seminar.
28) http://meglia.blogspot.com/2015/09/post-theme-3.html?showComment=1443547023701#c7082982831859440275
Hi,
very nice writing of yours as it is well structured and hence covnices with a good readability. I really liked that you clearly pointed out the differences between theory and hypothesis and how they are related to each other. All in all a very well written summary of yours.


29) http://mediatechmishmash.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-3-research-and-theory_23.html?showComment=1443547495316#c5922941759424103297
Hi,
I really enjoyed reading your afterthoughts and in my opinion you did a good job. I especially liked the reasoning of yours and how you differentiate between theory and hypothesis. The whole reflection is very readable and I liked how you brought in your own thoughts. Nevertheless, I would have wished to read at least a little bit how and when the lecture and the seminar influenced your thoughts on the topic.
30) http://rickardsdm2572.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-3-post-seminar-reflections.html?showComment=1443550410804
Hi,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts with us. At first I totally agree to your opinion that we didn't use "theory" correctly in our everyday life so far. As we were in the same group I must say that the discussion "theory vs. hypothesis" really helped me to gather a deeper understanding of theory is and what the difference is to a hypothesis. I also liked that you mentioned the paradigm shift of Thomas Kuhn and indeed it would be very exciting to experience such a paradigm shift, even I cannot believe that it will happen. On the other hand who believed in it earlier on.
31) https://agrik.wordpress.com/2015/10/05/qualitatively-quantitative/#comments
Hi Agri,
I also must say that this theme’s topic was compared to the last one more tangible and hence also more interesting. Due to the concurrent number of blog posts and comments I have to agree that it is getting harder to keep track, however and as you know the finish line is close ;-) I think you covered all the important main facts of theme four but it would have been even greater if you shared the findings of the discussion as well.
32) http://oscarlimback.blogspot.com/2015/10/theme-4-quantitative-research-after.html
Hi Oscar,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts. Really liked how you summarized the guidelines to formulate a good questionnaire. I think that is was really interesting to see how the experiment took place and I would also have liked to participate in the experiment. Furthermore, I found it interesting that you mentioned that a different design of a study can find out different results and your link to that truth is relative. Keep up the good work!
33) http://mashasthoughts123.blogspot.com/2015/10/seminar-4-refection.html?showComment=1444306771630#c2106863437952269013
Hi,
I enjoyed reading about your chosen article on your pre-blog “When online partners meet offline”, which is in today’s “tindertimes” a really interesting topic. As I wasn’t in the same seminar group as you it is really interesting to read that you discussed the methods you used in your bachelor theses. Furthemore, you summarized the best usage of the the respective methods very good. Interesting reading.
34) http://paullinderoth.blogspot.com/2015/10/theme-4-quantitative-research-after.html
Hi Paul,
You reflection is very well structured and summarized. Your summary of must haves when formulating a questionnaire is very good and to the point. I have agree to your opinion that the real case of “Drumming in immersive virtual reality” really helped to get a broader understanding and to connect theory with practice. Good Job!
35) http://butlikewhyisit.blogspot.com/2015/10/theme-4-reflection.html?showComment=1444392257513#c964408287211267249
Hi Elinor,
I also agree that combining qualitative and quantitative methods as you explained makes the most sense when one want to research a field completely. In a practical view I think it makes sense to start with the quantitative method to stop further research once the pre-staged quantitative research shows no significant results, which would enable an in-depth qualitative research. It can be said that a quantitative method narrows down a certain field and getting the quintessence out of this, without researching the quintessence. Is this reasonable?
36) http://reb2572.blogspot.com/2015/10/post-theme-4.html?showComment=1444394287794#c7652726099277728768
Hi Rebecka,
I agree that this week's theme was very straight forward and hence not as interesting as the first two themes. I enjoyed reading your post as it is very structured and easy to follow. I think even a person who hasn't participated in the lecture or seminar group would understand the main points of this week. Good job.
37) http://meglia.blogspot.com/2015/10/post-theme-4.html?showComment=1444394620804#c2875038568162848694
Hi Marion.
once again very nice writing of yours as it is well structured and hence covnices with a good readability. I especially like the explanation of your thoughts as it adds a strong personal note to the reflection of yours. Really good work of yours. Keep it up!
38) http://mediatechmishmash.blogspot.com/2015/10/theme-4-quantitative-research.html?showComment=1444404445367#c3356497676340871536
Hi,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts. It is really interesting to see that this week's topic set your opinion right about qualitative and quantitative methods. I think your new definition also helps you that you will never mix up things as it is really clear. Furthermore, your conclusion that the best suited method for a study depend on its design and its research field hits the nail on the head. All in all, very good reflection of the theme.
39) http://happyblogger7.blogspot.com/2015/09/theme-4-reflection.html?showComment=1444407652046#c7168979296081612390
Hi,
Thanks for sharing our reflection with us. I agree that theme four was pretty straight forward and hence easier to follow than, for example, the first two themes. However, in my opinion it could be also better to start with a quantitative method to narrow down the field of research in order to research then the tendencies with a qualitative method. In general, I guess it always differs from research to research if it is best to start with a qualitative method or the other way around.
40) http://thetheoryabouteverything.blogspot.com/2015/10/post-theme-4-quantitative-research.html?showComment=1446238091902
Hi Emil,
What else to say that you did once again a great job! I totally agree that the heard wasn't something unfamiliar and new, however this week's theme helped me to finally acquire an in-depth understanding in this topic. Keep it up the good work!
41) http://oscarlimback.blogspot.de/2015/10/theme-5-after.html?showComment=1445163113650
Hi Oscar,
Very interesting reflection of theme 5! It is very good that you mention effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction as these three measuring the usability of a prototype. This was interesting to me to hear from Haibo Li as in today’s world almost everybody speaks about usability when new products are released without knowing how you can objectively measure usability. Keep the good work up for the last theme!
42) http://meglia.blogspot.de/2015/10/post-theme-5.html?showComment=1445165046684#c6039257202065478431
Hi Marion,
Very well executed reflection of theme five. It is very good that you emphasize the importance of idea creation and the use of prototypes. Furthermore, I liked the example and the reasoning of the two people facing a bear as this clearly states that finding the real problem is far more important that actually solving it. A mind-set which we shall always bear in mind. Good work!
43) http://mediatechnologybycorinna.blogspot.com/2015/10/theme-5-design-research-reflection.html?showComment=1445196796238#c3011373512907404119
Hi Corinna,
Very well structured summary once again. I liked that you brought up the example with the hungry bear as with this example the concept of defining and solving a problem becomes very clear. As the discussions in the seminar groups of the previous themes from theme three were already quite though I welcomed the absence of the seminar group during this theme.
44) http://alexisdm2572.blogspot.com/2015/10/for-this-weeks-theme-i-have.html?showComment=1445189153445#c4353269565435297755
Hi Alexis,
I must say you did a very well organized summary of theme five. Especially the first lecture of Haibo Lee is very well reproduced and I liked that you put a special focus on the importance of defining a problem. Furthermore, I like your example as it shows the out-of-the-box thinking, which is needed to solve problems in the right way. I also agree to the statement in your post prior to the lecture that research never can be replicable.
45) http://platotheplatypus.blogspot.com/2015/10/theme-5-post-reflection.html?showComment=1445190388736#c4517054446623012678
Hi Josefine,
I also have to agree that the paper written by Réhman et al. was very interesting to read even if the research was a bit dated. Furthemore, I have to say that you did a good job reproducing the two lectures of the week in this reflection post. Good Job! However and in contrast to you I found this week’s structure with two lectures better than the prior weeks as it was mostly very difficult to discuss the themes from theme three on.
46) http://sannanodm2572.blogspot.com/2015/10/theme-5-reflection.html?showComment=1445192344329#c8851720392367175491
Hi Sanna,
I have to agree that I also liked the paper of Haibo Lee et al. the most. It is sad that you were not able to attend the lectures due to the clashing lectures. However, I think your classmates and you did a great job as you covered all main aspects of the two lectures and hence it seems that you understand the essence of theme five. Well done!
47) http://denise-theoryandmethod.blogspot.com/2015/10/theme-5-design-research-22.html?showComment=1445193046680#c289340069962838275
Hi Denise,
Your reflection is very well structured and summarized and hence easy to follow. In my opinion you covered all the main aspects of theme five and it also shows that you understood the essence of this theme. I agree to your opinion that the first lecture can be summarized in the five mentioned points and maybe these five points will support us once we have to take care of our ideas. Even if that was nothing new to you as you already had this during your bachelor studies…
48) http://paullinderoth.blogspot.de/2015/10/theme-5-design-research-after.html?showComment=1445163717290
Hi Paul,
Thanks a lot for a well summarized and structured reflection. Especially, I liked that you pointed out that you have to have a well thought design research before you start collecting information in order to solve a problem. In my opinion you have to first now what your goal is and how to get there before you start running. Good job!
49) http://remarkableathenianyouth.blogspot.com/2015/10/post-design-research-or-how-to-define.html?showComment=1445197689639#c7377128725424259193
Hej,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts. As the discussions in the seminar groups of the previous themes from theme three were already quite though I welcomed the absence of the seminar group during this theme as it gave you more insight from a professional point. However, I agree that it was obvious that Anders Lundström was a last minute replacement and hence his lecture missed a bit a common theme.
50) http://reb2572.blogspot.com/2015/10/theme-5-design-research_12.html?showComment=1445198360025#c2690754993249131075
Hej,
It is astonishing that you did such a great job despite the fact that you were not able to attend a lecture due to simultaneously happening lecture. However, I think your classmates and you did a great job as you covered all main aspects. I especially liked the hungry bear example, which explained in my opinion very well how a problem can be solved and defined. This also makes it clear that one should spend far more time to think about the existing problem in advance before waste energy and resources.
51) http://mashasthoughts123.blogspot.de/2015/10/theme-6-reflection.html?showComment=1445858558877#c4313109571695996903
Hi,
Once again a really interesting reflection from your side. I agree that due to the missing lecture many questions were open when we had the seminar. Prior to the case study it was also very hard to me to get the difference between the case study research and qualitative methods and as you have written the absence of a hypothesis answered the question to me. Furthermore, your selected paper “Don’t be dumb—that’s the rule I try to live by”: A closer look at older teens’ online privacy and safety attitudes” sounds really interesting and I will definitely have a look into this one.
52) http://platotheplatypus.blogspot.de/2015/10/theme-6-post-reflection.html?showComment=1445859187862#c5561444028747660495
Hej,
I think I can’t find better words to describe the theme as you did with “interesting but perhaps not ground-breaking”. Finding a paper using the respective methods with an interesting topic took me also a quite considerable amount of time, but I think it was worth it as you can focus more on the methods once a topic is of real interest for you. When it comes to the number of participants used in a study I think it is more likely to have a lower number for qualitative studies as it is quite time consuming and often not realistic to do a qualitative study with the same amount of people as a quantitative study would do. Furthermore, I think that the lecture really would have helped to get an even deeper insight into this topic, but we can’t change the past.
53) http://literaturestuffm.blogspot.de/2015/10/theme-6-reflections-after-lecture-and.html?showComment=1445863828886#c4268175705146716603
Hej,
Thanks for sharing your thoughts. You have done a great job in summarizing the key concepts about this last theme. As I wasn’t in your seminar group it was interesting to read that you discussed the question of a qualitative study is possible with only one participant and the example with a patient with a rare disease supports the understanding. Furthermore, I really enjoyed reading your thoughts about the case study research, especially when you explain that a case study is not about confirming a theory.
54) http://theoandmeth.blogspot.de/2015/10/theme-6-reflection-qualitative-research.html?showComment=1445867086455#c7467937302136866132
Hej,
I enjoyed reading your reflection and have to agree that it was quite hard to find to find appropriate research papers, however it was for me harder to find an interesting article using case study research. One can really see that you thought a lot about the case study research. Did you also discuss in your seminar group that a case study is suitable when a yet unknown area shall be explored. This was quite interesting to me and made perfect sense to me when you actually should use a case study for your research.
55) http://dm2572byen.blogspot.de/2015/10/theme-6-qualitative-and-case-study_16.html?showComment=1445867945493
Hi,
Thanks for sharing this well written and structured reflection with us. As my paper didn’t use the longitudinal study it was interesting to read more about it, how a longitudinal study is elaborated. Unfortunately, I wasn’t in the same seminar group as you as I would have loved to hear the experience of one who actually took part in such a study. Good job.
56) http://duckyduckyducky.blogspot.de/2015/10/post-seminar-6.html?showComment=1445885248003#c5081958045940716089
Hi Anton,
I have to say that your reflection is very well written and summarizes the topic very good. As our seminar group was later than yours we didn’t discuss qualitative research any longer as we already did this when we discussed the characteristics of quantitative research. As you didn’t get any more insights from your brief discussion I think it was a good decision. I think that you presented the quintessence of case study research, when you said that it is more interested in generating new theories instead. Good reflection!
57) http://ixxzw.blogspot.de/2015/10/theme-6-after.html?showComment=1445886847320#c4282430006781436661
Hi,
I had the same feeling about case study research as you as it was absolutely no new term to me, however I was not aware what a case study actually is. In my opinion the seminar really helped to bring light into the dark. However it is a pity that we didn’t had a lecture this time as I think that it would have helped to get even more insights to comprehend the cyclical principle of case studies in depth, which you have also mentioned.


58) http://butlikewhyisit.blogspot.de/2015/10/theme-6-reflection.html?showComment=1445897160975#c4537832478545916427
Hi,
Interesting thoughts of yours that you questioning the sense of pure objectivity. In my opinion and in order to have replicable results a researcher should at least strive for objectivity. However, and as you have mentioned despite the fact that he or she will never reach it. Nevertheless I liked the critical approach of your reflection as it helps to question the already fixed perspectives, which I have acquired during this last topic.
59) http://theandme15.blogspot.de/2015/10/theme-6-qualitative-and-case-study_19.html?showComment=1445897792372#c8130935307702579903
Hi Marcus,
Thanks for sharing this well written reflection of theme 6 with us. In your reflection you covered all the main concepts we discussed during this last theme. Furthermore, I liked the selection of your examples when discussing qualitative methods. In my opinion this definitely helps to understand the functioning of this research method in your chosen articles. As I wasn’t in your seminar group it was also interesting to read about the terms you explained.
60) http://gamlagreker.blogspot.de/2015/10/theme-6-reflection.html?showComment=1445898263558#c4271793638038918805
Hi Maria,
First of all I have to agree that this theme was very straight forward and that we were already quite familiar with the qualitative research method. Especially in today’s time your selected case study paper sounds very interesting and obviously it helped you to understand case study research. Even if most of the obscurities were answered during the seminar group the time in the seminar group was quite limited to gather an in-depth understanding of the case study research. However, and as said the general concept was clear afterwards and you summarized in a good and efficient way.

2015-10-19

Theme 6 (Post) - Qualitative and case study research

The sixth theme of the course was about “Qualitative and case study research” and this time we had to prepare by reading "Building Theories from Case Study Research” by Eisenhardt. In addition, we had to select a media technology research paper using qualitative methods, where I chose “Self-presentation and hiring recommendations in online communities: Lessons from LinkedIn” by Johannes Kuo-Huie Chiang and Hung-Yue Suen and a paper that is using the case study research method, where I chose “Structuring the discourse on social networks for learning: Case studies on blogs and microblogs” by Aline M. Marques, Rafael Krejci, Sean W.M. Siqueira, Mariano Pimentel and Maria Helena L.B. Braz. After already discussing quantitative methods I found it interesting to finally gather in-depth knowledge about qualitative methods and the case study research.

Unfortunately the lecture for theme six was cancelled on short-notice and hence we only had the seminar group left in order discuss our thoughts gathered after the readings. It would have been nice to listen to the expertise of the lecturer in order to combine the thoughts of the read and the heard. In the majority of the previous themes the lecture really helped to get new insights and a broader understanding of the theme.

As we already discussed qualitative methods quite a lot during the theme of quantitative methods to get the counter characteristics of them, Ilias Bergström encouraged us to focus on the case study research during our discussion. Due to the absence of the lecture this made also sense to me as I didn’t acquire any further insights about qualitative methods worthwhile discussing. During the seminar we presented our chosen articles to each other and used the table of "Process of Building Theory from Case Study Research" as evaluation guideline in order to determine if the respective case study research was done in a proper way and where the strengths and weaknesses were. It was very interesting to see how each of us found further strengths and weaknesses after discussing the research paper openly with the group.Case studies are furthmore cyclical and hence revolving around a specific context, i.e. case studies occuring in cycles. This means that a result of a case study research can cause another research with the result as a starting point. In my opinion the most important about case study research is that there are no clear guidelines when creating a case study. The purpose of a case study is to build a theory rather than test a theory, i.e. investigating an unknown field in order to find enough to build a theory, which can be tested on a later stage. Hence, case study research is a form of research where a hypothesis is actually not needed as a hypothesis can be a result of a case study. In my opinion the seminar group really helped to have a better understanding what a case study actually is and what isn't as this quite was hard to me to seperate a case study from the other research methods.

2015-10-11

Theme 5 (Post) - Design research

The fifth theme of the course was about “Design Research” and this time we had to prepare by reading “Finding design qualities in a tangible programming space” by Fernaeus & Tholander, “Differentiated Driving Range” by Lundström and “Turn Your Mobile Into the Ball: Rendering Live Football Game Using Vibration” by Réhman, Sun, J., Liu and Li. Especially the latter text was very interesting to me as my current employer is also active in the field of mobile solutions for live sports and hence it presented me a better understanding how conceptual processes work in detail.

As the seminar group was replaced by a second lecture the structure of the theme was very classic. This lead that it was easier to soak up a lot of things in the field of this conceptual topic. In my opinion it was really good to have two lectures as it was quite difficult to discuss in last weeks’ seminar groups about topics which have little room for interpretation.

The lecture by Haibo Li was due to its humoristic touch very easy to follow and to understand. Haibo Li discussed with us the question “How to solve a problem”. According to him there are two parts of problem solving. First, defining a problem and second, solving the existing problem. Haibo Li’s theory is that 90% of the time shall be used for defining a problem and 10% only for solving a problem. This was quite new to me as 10% sound a little less to actually solve a problem, however it makes sense that a good preparation shall take the biggest amount of time as it avoids to spend your time for ideas, which are no breakthrough ideas.

The second lecture by Anders Lundström was very interesting and had a dialogue structure, which I found very suitable for the topic as it turned out that most of us had a different understanding of what a prototype actually is. According to Ylva Ferneaus a prototype is a tool that is used for researching the research question hence one can add various functions to a prototype in order to research a field which is of interest. According to what I have understood the focus is to see what happens when the prototype collides with reality. For me, it was of highest interest that a research method like an interview or prototype is not enough to be considered as research as research only starts when the acquired empirical data will be analysed.

I found this theme very interesting as the conceptual nature of design research is in my understanding very important to the media world in order to enable a better communcation.

2015-10-09

Reflection on blog posts - Theme 4

Blogs I have read and commented for theme 4:


Theme 6 (Pre): Qualitative and case study research

Select a media technology research paper that is using qualitative methods. The paper should have been published in a high quality journal, with an “impact factor” of 1.0 or above. The following are examples of questions to discuss in your blog posting:
I have selected the article “Self-presentation and hiring recommendations in online communities: Lessons from LinkedIn” by Johannes Kuo-Huie Chiang and Hung-Yue Suen published in the journal “Computers in human behaviour”, which has an impact factor of 2.694.
Which qualitative method or methods are used in the paper? Which are the benefits and limitations of using these methods?
The paper uses the qualitative methods of qualitative interviews and focus groups.  More specifically, the pilot test of the research consists of five in-depth interviews with human resources professionals who have hiring experience with LinkedIn and two focus groups (one with the five HR professionals and one with five actual job seekers using LinkedIn).
Benefits of using such qualitative methods:
- The researcher can interact with the participants and can ask follow-up questions or ask questions.
- It is easier to draw conclusions from the results than from complicated statistical data.
- Due to body language or facial expression, information besides verbal responses can be recorded as well.
Limitations of using such qualitative methods:
- As the sample sizes are tremendously smaller it might be not such a good representation compared to quantitative methods.
- Analyzing and interpreting is much more time-consuming than analyzing and interpreting quantitative data.
- Personal bias can be an issue as the researcher may react to the subject’s responses, encouraging or discouraging the dialogue in a certain direction
What did you learn about qualitative methods from reading the paper?
Qualitative methods can bring you important insights what actually is relevant to research in a study. In this article for example the pilot test with its qualitative methods were used in order to exclude not relevant categories. That is why LinkedIn’s self-presentation categories of, for example, “updated activity on the personal page”, “connections’, ‘number of connections’, and “joined groups” were excluded as such information is either seldom noticed by recruiters or used for self-presentation by job seekers.
Which are the main methodological problems of the study? How could the use of the qualitative method or methods have been improved?
Due to the diversity of job seekers a focus group of only five job seekers is in my opinion far too small to enable representative results. Even if the focus group were only used in the pilot test in order to find 14 relevant self-presentation categories of job seekers I don’t think that such a high number of relevant categories can be based on only five people. For a representative selection there is in my view definitely a higher number of job seekers needed to minimize the influence of outlier.
Select a media technology research paper that is using the case study research method. The paper should have been published in a high quality journal, with an “impact factor” of 1.0 or above. Your tasks are the following:
Briefly explain to a first year university student what a case study is.
A case study is a research method which aims to provide detailed information of the investigated research topic. Most case studies combine different research methods and hence a case study can consist of qualitative, quantitative or both methods to gather deeper data in order to enable consecutive conclusions. Furthermore, a case study is often applied to test theories in an everyday environment.
Use the "Process of Building Theory from Case Study Research" (Eisenhardt, summarized in Table 1) to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of your selected paper.
I have selected the article „ Structuring the discourse on social networks for learning: Case studies on blogs and microblogs” by Aline M. Marques, Rafael Krejci, Sean W.M. Siqueira, Mariano Pimentel and Maria Helena L.B. Braz published in the journal “Computers in human behaviour”, which has an impact factor of 2.694.
Strengths of the paper:

Crafting Instruments and Protocols:
The authors combined quantitative and qualitative in the research and hence created a synergetic view of evidence by using questionnaires, interviews and application logs in order to gather data.

Enfolding Literature:
The researchers include previous published articles and findings and also comparing with similar literature and hence raising the theoretical level and building internal validity.

Weakness of the paper:
Analyzing data:
According to Eisenhardt, within-case analysis is a key feature of analysis since as it gains familiarity with data and preliminary theory generation. After my opinion in this paper some appearing relevant information to me gets discarded as not relevant and hence it seems that the authors filtering the data in a way to have significant results in the end. It feels a bit as if the authors wanted to validate intended results by analysing the data in the right way.

2015-10-04

Theme 4 (Post): Quantitative research

The fourth theme of the course was about “Quantitative research” and this time we had to prepare by reading "Drumming in Immersive Virtual Reality” written by Ilias Bergström and colleagues. In addition, we had to select a media technology research paper using quantitative methods in a good way, where I chose “Web Third-person effect in structural aspects of the information on media websites” by Nikos Antonopoulosa et al. Even if I had lectures about quantitative research in my bachelor studies the preparation of this theme provided me with an in-depth understanding of quantitative research, which I haven’t had before and thus I hope that I can make use of this acquired knowledge over the time of my studies at KTH.

The lecture of Ilias Bergström was very interesting as we discussed the “drumming experiment” of his text in detail. In my opinion, reading about the applied methodology in the text provides you already with a general understanding, however to get first-hand experience from such a complex experiment does not happen every day, i.e. getting background information of how such an experiment is prepared, elaborated and analyzed. Combining the knowledge I had prior to theme, the understanding I acquired during the home studies and the received insights of the lecture I had the feeling that I was well prepared for the seminar on Friday.

During the seminar we had to discuss benefits and limitations about qualitative and quantitative methods and how the methods related to each other? At first we discussed the questions in smaller groups and finally together within the whole seminar group, where we summarized our findings. Hence, quantitative research allows generalizations of results and the measurement of the tendency of various views and opinions. Whereas, qualitative research is suitable for gaining an in-depth understanding of underlying reasons and motivations and hence providing insights into the setting of a hypothesis. The relation between qualitative and quantitative research is that qualitative research can enable hypotheses for a subsequent quantitative research. However, quantitative research is also often followed by qualitative research, which is focusing to investigating particular findings in-depth. The fact that at some point research study is due to its design by individuals somehow always subjective was most interesting to me. As everything that has to do with people, like designing an experiment, is ultimately subjective and hence a so called “wicked problem”. The example that the results of the drumming experiment may have varied when using a piano instead of drums, really helped to understand the concept of a wicked problem”.

2015-10-02

Theme 5 (Pre) - Design research

Part 1

How can media technologies be evaluated?
Media technologies can be evaluated with many different approaches. To achieve the best possible results it is recommended to apply various evaluation methods. As the aim of media technology should be to serve as an intermediate between sender and receive bridging the natural given communication gap, it is of highest importance to evaluate the usability. As mentioned in the text and according to the ISO usability is defined as effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which specified users can achieve specified goals in particular environments. Hence, the testing of usability involves systematic observation under controlled conditions to determine how well the receiver uses the respective media technology. Methods to conduct evaluations of usability are among others eye tracking, interviews and A/B testing.

What role will prototypes play in research?
Prototypes play a very important role in research and are there to evaluate the respective object of investigation on a small scale. A prototype is part of the first development stages and hence a powerful basis of decision-making which sets the course for further steps in the development process. In the text for example, the authors used a self-designed printed circuit board and a mock-up of a mobile phone which was attached with a vibration motor.

Why could it be necessary to develop a proof of concept prototype?
Through such a proof of concept prototype the idea of a certain concept can be presented and hence the concepts feasibility will be put through its paces. It could be necessary to develop a proof of concept prototype in order to make wisely use of support funds as a proof a concept prototype can state the prospect of success on an early stage in the project. Without a proof a concept prototype the risk exists that monetary means and labour force are not target-aimed spent.

What are characteristics and limitations of prototypes?
A prototype is a preliminary version of a product from which other forms are developed. By using a prototype, the test participant can get an actual feel of the future product, since the interactions with prototype can enable the test participant to better understand the idea of the concept. As the prototype is developed in an early development stage and also part of the development prototypes are usually not complete and thus many details are not built in the prototype. A prototype can be changed during the development process according to the received feedback in order to fulfil all required needs for the future product. However, using a prototype with its limited functions causes also high chances that a test person considers the functionality of a prototype as a final state instead of considering it as a part of the development, which leads to a misleading evaluation.

How can design research be communicated/presented?
Prototypes are already a very powerful tool to present design research. Other forms can be for example visual material, such as sketches, concept clips or pictures which supporting an explanatory textual description in order to improve the understanding.

Part 2

What is the 'empirical data' in these two papers?
In the first text by Ylva Fernaeus & Jakob Tholander, the empirical data consists of testing results through experience, i.e. observing how children correspond things when interacting with the prototype.
The empirical data in the second text by Anders Lundström not only collects data by testing the prototype, but also from a series of interviews with experts, early adopters and experienced electric car drivers. Besides that the remaining empirical data is gathered by a driving range app, recording the state of charge and the current speed of the vehicle.

Can practical design work in itself be considered a 'knowledge contribution'?
In my opinion practical design work can definitely be considered as a “knowledge contribution” as the practical approach enables further perspectives which would be unknown without experience. As theoretical work is the pure product of the researchers’ thoughts there is a given risk that the research is due to unforeseen circumstances incomplete, which can be detected by practical design work.

Are there any differences in design intentions within a research project, compared to design in general?
After my opinion the main difference is that design intentions within a research project trying to capture new insights through the observation and thus design intentions are mostly focusing on the development. Whereas, design in general aiming for products which are attractive to potential customers and hence focusing mostly on commercial or cultural aspects.

Is research in tech domains such as these ever replicable? How may we account for aspects such as time/historical setting, skills of the designers, available tools, etc?
In general, I think that research is replicable in tech domains, however with clear limitations. Due to the fast-moving development world of technology there is only a short period of time in which research is replicable as otherwise the time/historical setting would already differ significantly. Furthermore, skills of designers and available tools also drastically changing over a relatively short time frame and hence I believe that the level of replicability within tech domains is lower than in other domains.

Are there any important differences with design driven research compared to other research practices?
An important difference is that design driven research is focusing on the understanding of human behaviour and the reasons why such an behaviour exists, whereas other research are focusing on gathering systematic data. Hence, it could be said that design research emphasizes on empathy rather than on logic.